The Origin

Coffee source cannot be ascertained. One of many legends refers to coffee originated in Ethiopia coffee southwestern province of plateau method, is said to be a shepherd find sheep eaten a plant, became very elated active, hence discovered coffee. Some other statement, ground was mixed with flour made of baking bread, as warrior’s food to improve tactical courage. Until about the 11th century, people began to use boiled coffee as a beverage. 13th century, the Ethiopian army invaded Yemen, coffee brought to the Arab world. Because Islam prohibits drinking followers, and some religious people believe this drink to stimulate the nerve, in violation of the doctrine, once the ban and close the coffee shop, but the Egyptian Sudan, that coffee does not violate the doctrine, and therefore the ban coffee drinks quickly became popular in the Arabia world. “Coffee” the word is derived from the Arabic Qahwa, meaning "plant drinks", and later spread to Turkey, into Kahve, European languages the word source. Coffee cultivation, production methods is gradually improved by Arab region.

But before in the 15th century, coffee has long been dominated by the Arab world, popular only in Muslim countries; was mainly used in medicine and religion, Muslim doctors and monks admitted coffee with a refreshing, awakes the brain, stomach, physical, bleeding and other effects. Until the 16th and 17th centuries, through the Merchant of Venice and Dutch maritime supremacy was removed, the sale of coffee spread to Europe soon, that is full of oriental mystery, the strongly fragrance and flavor charm of the black drink by the nobility gentry class to struggle competes. The keen competition, coffee worth to rise, and even a "black gold" in the title, and the Age of Discovery in the next turbulent, by sea, the world has been integrated in the coffee production and the expense domain.

Introduced to Europe

In 1570, the Turkish army besieged Vienna, the failure to retreat, it was the Turkish army barracks found a bag of black seeds, who do not know what it is. A history of Poles lived in Turkey, took the bags of coffee in Vienna, opened the first coffee shop. The late 16th century, coffee to "Islamic wine" the name starts through Italy to spread to Europe massively. At first some Catholicism religious circle thought the coffee is “the devil drink”, instigated at that time Pope Clement VIII to forbid this kind of drink, but after Pope tasted, thought may drink, and in 1600 for coffee hold baptism, therefore the coffee popularized step-by-step in Europe. 17th century coffee cultivation and production has been dominated by Arabs, valuable in Europe, only the European elite to drink coffee. Until 1690, a Dutch captain sailed to Yemen, obtained several coffee seedlings, starts (present's Indonesia) to plant successfully in the Dutch India. In 1727 a netherlands guyana's diplomat's wife, gave several grain of coffee seeds in Brazil's Spanish, he planted experimentally in Brazil makes the very good progress. Brazil's climate is suitable the coffee to grow, henceforth coffee in South America grow like a weed. Because of mass productions, but price falls, coffee starts to become European's important drink.

Coffee originated in Africa, there are many variants. Each variant is specific climatic conditions and with a certain degree of altitude related. Wild coffee tree is an evergreen shrub, 3 to 3.5 m high, with white flowers on a branch, with a jasmine scent. Fruit 1.5 to 1.8 cm long, red, there are arranged in two adjacent seeds, seeds of each piece within the outer peel and all packages are surface membrane.

The world's coffee is about 60 kinds of plants, cultivated for the production of coffee, only 25 species, which used only four kinds of coffee products: large fruit coffee (Coffea liberica), the fruit of coffee (Coffea canephora), small If coffee (Coffea arabica) and high-yield coffee (Coffea dewevrei).

Is recognized as the most benign varieties only grow in more than 600 meters above sea level, fertile land, well-drained hills, so initially only grown in the highlands of Cameroon and Guinea, after the introduction of Latin America and Asia.

Origin in Africa. One variant of thick coffee (Coffea robusta), the disease-resistant capacity and higher rates of fruit production, small fruit can be cultivated in the coffee cannot survive the hot and humid areas, primarily for the production of instant coffee.

Liberian origin, is widely distributed, easy cultivation, but the quality is poor.

Drinking Coffee Cultural Of Each Kind Is Fastidious, Not Allow To Neglect !

When Europeans first exposure to coffee, they put this seductive drink known as "Arabian wine", when conservative Catholics curse coffee as "Satan's drink", they would never think of them from the "infidels" there is a kind of inherited to how precious things. As the world's first production of coffee and coffee area, coffee, Arabic coffee culture as it is as old and rich history. In the Arab region, it is now, whether for drinking coffee from the coffee quality, or way of drinking, drinking on the environment and mood, have still preserved the ancient and honored tradition and is fastidious. In the Arab nation, if a person is invited in others family to drink the coffee, this expressed the master sincerest respect, the visitor who invites is needed to express is from heart gratitude and response. The visitor in arrives at host family's time, must achieve courteously courteous, in tastes the coffee time, besides must praise the coffee to be mellow, but must be sure to remember, even if drinks the mouthful is the coffee grounds, also cannot drink water, because that is expressed that the visitor is unsatisfied to master's coffee, besides must praise the coffee to be mellow.

In Europe, coffee culture can be a very mature cultural forms, from coffee to the continent, to the emergence of the first European coffee house, coffee culture to a very rapid pace, showing a very strong vitality . In Vienna, Austria, coffee and music, waltz and said that “the Vienna three treasures”, coffee culture can be seen far-reaching. In Italy, a famous saying: "Men should be like good coffee, both strong and passionate!" Equates the man in the coffee, this is what kind out of the ordinary. The Italian has only one in mind to the coffee. After getting up of bed, the Italian first thing to do is to boil a cup of coffee immediately. No matter the men and women, the coffee cup does not leave the hand nearly from dawn to dusk.

In France, if not incredible, like coffee like no wine, nothing can be said to the end of the world. It is said that there is a period in history, the French coffee supply as a result of many French people all day depressed, greatly affected the normal life in this country. 1991 "Gulf War" broke out, the French worried that the war will affect their daily lives, they rushed to the supermarket to purchase the commodity in abundance, when a television reporter to interview the camera at people, customers just purchased only massive coffees and sugars in their hands, a time for the joke. French drinks the coffee to be fastidious is not coffee's quality and the flavor, but pays great attention to drink the coffee the environment and the affective tone, what displays is the graceful appeal, the romantic style and the rich in poetic and artistic flavor boundary, like the Louvre in those beautiful and moving works of art in general.

The Coffee House in France

Spreads to France's that one day of start from the coffee, the French culture and the arts in the effects of coffee on the always visible and shadow. 17th century, in France, especially in high society in France, there were many drinking coffee because of the formation of cultural and artistic salon. In the salon, writers, artists and philosophers in the excitement of coffee, the stretch of their imagination to create countless literary quality, leaving a number of the world's magnificent cultural treasures.

The United States is a young and dynamic country, any one of this country as its own cultural forms are the same, there is no confinement, beaten track, being reckless as the U.S. coffee culture is no exception. The American drinks the coffee but is at will, stops at nothing, does not have European's affective tone, does not have Arab's being fastidious about, drinks derives by, drinks comfortably, drinks self-and unique. The US is in the world the coffee consumption biggest country, the American everywhere is drinking the coffee nearly at times, no matter at home, school, office, public area, other any place, the coffee fragrance everywhere may hear. It is said the first manned moon landing's Apollo 13 spaceship, in returned from cruise had broken on the way once down, in the crucial moment ground control personnel comforted on the airship the astronaut saying:“should not be discouraged, the fragrant hot coffee is waiting for you!”

In Office Coffee Culture

for instance fine Italian coffeepot, exquisite British bone China coffee cup and so on, this have manifested one kind of enterprise culture connotation. Provides the free coffee to the company officers in fact is the enterprise boss's one humanities concern, demonstrates one kind of affinity. owners, However, "There is no free lunch", there was talk in the West, the better the benefits of a company to manage the more stringent, the greater the workload of staff. Under the intense working pressure, drinks a coffee, stretches the tired and aching waist in the company's rest area, no doubt a relief and enjoyment, which is to mobilize the enthusiasm of staff familiar with the bosses is already thought of . Free coffee is a "spending Less but doing more things" to maximize the staff to develop their physical and energy on the potential for the company and the boss to create more effective, and contacted the feelings of both parties, but also to promote the staff team ideas, collaborate with each other to achieve the purpose.

The researchers found that in 12,000 middle-aged, those who drank four or more cups of coffee, a cup of coffee than those who rarely drank a lower risk of diabetes. The findings are being published in the United States, "Epidemiology" magazine, several previous studies with consistent results. Coffee reduces risk of diabetes why the exact cause is still not clear, but one possibility is that coffee in the magnesium or chlorogenic acid and other specific ingredients to improve the body's ability to regulate blood sugar. Some studies also suggested that caffeine in coffee, the stimulation of metabolism may help to control weight. When the body loses insulin hormones (to transport sugar from the blood into cells to provide energy) the sensitivity, type 2 diabetes will be an increasing risk. This disorder has a close relationship with obesity. Some studies found that compared with people who drink coffee, drink sugary soft drinks and juices of people with a higher risk of obesity and diabetes risk.

Recently, however, the study pointed out that there is no sugary soft drinks diabetes risk factors. The study was conducted by Baltimore's Johns Hopkins School of Medicine doctoral student in public 尼娜•佩尼led, according to the researchers say the findings cannot ultimately require people should drink a cup of coffee or sugary drinks. • Principal Investigator 琳达•卡奥(Linda Kao), told Reuters, as usual to maintain moderate drinking is very important. She considered for a while, said: "I feel now is too early to recommend people drink coffee." 琳达•卡奥”said, although no research evidence that coffee negative for diabetes, but the study found that it can cause high blood pressure and other negative factors. The researchers said their surprise; the study did not find sugary drinks and Type II diabetes what is the connection between. 琳达•卡奥and 尼娜•佩尼that participate in the study of middle-aged man drinking a little sugary drinks, sugary drinks, this may allow the relationship between diabetes becomes obvious. Kao said: "moderate drinking coffee is still very important, moreover still should approach discretely including the sugar drink.”

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine researchers, these findings are based on U.S. survey of 12,204 middle-aged based on information that these people in 1987 and 1999 was between follow-up investigation, the investigation began when they are not a history of diabetes. Investigators of the participants through the questionnaire were asked in detail about diet, including how often they drank coffee and sugary soft drinks and fruit juices. But also their exercise record, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and other lifestyle were investigated. Taking into account other factors, the coffee drinkers into the risk of Type II diabetes is still lower. During the study, those who drank four or more cups of coffee is only less than 1 / 3 of people have been diagnosed with diabetes. 卡奥 said that although the link between coffee and diabetes is very attractive, but we need more research to determine whether the coffee itself is truly influence the risk of diabetes.

Finland and Swedish researchers recently released a long-term follow-up survey results show that moderate coffee consumption can prevent and delay senile dementia sickness. The results showed that daily consumption of 3 cups to 5 cups of coffee a middle-aged to elderly Alzheimer's troubles likely than the following day, drinking two cups of coffee and drank five or more cups of coffee to the low 65 %. Some previous studies confirmed that coffee on Parkinson's disease and certain cardiovascular diseases have some preventive effect. Coffee is rich in anti-aging and other nerve protective ingredients, so the amount of drinking coffee will prevent and delay the effects of Alzheimer's disease.

American Gastroenterological Association's "Gastroenterology" magazine recently published study reported that more than two cups daily drink coffee or tea, that drank two above coffee or the tea every day, possible obviously to reduce the chronic liver disease high-risk group to suffer from the chronic liver disease's probability. United States National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and kidney disease, American country diabetes, digestive disease and nephrosis research institute's medicine Dr. 康斯坦丝•鲁尔and her colleague 詹姆斯•埃弗哈has conducted this research together. They use the first National Health Nutrition Examination Survey and subsequent follow-up survey of epidemiological data, a total of 9849 people on average 19 years of continuous follow-up survey to assess their intake of coffee or tea. The respondents are survey daily intake of coffee or tea cup from 0 to 16 cups range. The findings showed that drinks two above coffee or the tea every day contracts the chronic liver disease's probability to drink less than 1 cup of half every day. Dr. 康斯坦丝•鲁尔, said: "now encourage patients to drink coffee or tea too early, but our findings of chronic liver disease has the potential to provide a high-risk groups to reduce risk of disease a practical way and feasible means. In addition, we hope the results of this study are studying liver disease to the development process to provide guidance. "康斯坦丝•鲁尔also pointed out that this study only shows that drinking coffee or tea may help alcoholics, overweight, have diabetes or iron overload reduces contracts liver disease's risk, but there is no evidence that coffee and tea can reduce it due to fatty liver or viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease risk in recent years, more and more evidence that coffee reduces the risk of suffering from cirrhosis and liver cancer. 康斯坦丝•鲁尔said, coffee and tea should be due in part to the protective effect of caffeine, but one mechanism requires further study.

Studies have found the caffeine in the body on the prognosis of patients with severe brain trauma have an impact. October 2004 in the United States Las Vegas American Society of Anesthesiologists annual meeting reported the results of this study. The study included 31 patients with severe brain trauma patients. Now that the caffeine in the body is through the interaction with adenosine receptors play a physiological effect of adenosine receptor is widely present in the body and brain parenchyma. In particular, known as the A1-specific receptors in the pathogenesis of brain trauma plays a role in protecting neurons. According to the recovery of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Safar Center Director Patrick M. Kochanek, MD, say, caffeine through the promotion of the new A1 receptors in the brain tissue to improve the synthesis of the prognosis of brain trauma, but also through other mechanisms may play a role. "Application of caffeine can increase the expression of adenosine A1 receptors, resulting in the brain in times of crisis to provide strong protection." Kochanek, Ph.D., commented, "brain trauma in anesthesia is a common neurological disease, but there were no effects of drugs can be used in patients with traumatic brain injury to improve their prognosis." Although more research is still needed to completely clarify the role of caffeine on the central nervous system, Kochanek Dr. said: "Existing data suggest that if you are unfortunately suffered a severe head trauma, and you have ingested caffeine or or you have taken the caffeine regularly, will provide the protective function for yours brain.”

Spanish researchers found that regular coffee drinking can reduce women's risk of stroke. Circulation published in the American Heart Association journal, a study that, with less than a cup of the women drank, the day drink four or more cups of coffee reduced the risk of women suffering from stroke 20%; drink two to three cups a day suffering from the risk of stroke can be reduced by 19%; drink five to seven cups per week can reduce 12%. Spanish researchers participating in the Nurses' Health Study of 83,076 women, data were analyzed, participants take part in the 1980 study did not suffer a stroke, heart disease, diabetes or cancer and other diseases, these women filled twice every two to four years about eat food frequency questionnaire, with a continuous 24-year study period, 2280 people suffering from stroke. The findings showed that to the female who does not smoke, the coffee advantage is more obvious, ever does not smoke the female who or already stopped smoking, every day drinks four above coffee, can cause the trouble stroke the danger to reduce 43%; But to the smoking female, if drinks four above coffee every day, then the trouble stroke's danger only reduces 3%. The researchers said that the coffee latent advantage is unable to substitute for smoking to the health adverse effect. In addition to smoking, hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol will neutral coffee effect. The researchers noted that coffee is only beneficial for healthy people, and have any health problems (such as insomnia, anxiety, high blood pressure or heart problems) will neutral coffee effect. Instead will cause the aggravation of disease because of the coffee, therefore, these people whether to drink the coffee should consult doctor. The researchers also found that caffeine intake and heart disease has nothing to do. However, the Harvard University School of Public Health,罗布•凡•达姆said, this does not mean everyone can excessive drinking coffee. "We cannot rule out the coffee in a small population and the association between the risk of heart disease," 罗布•凡•达姆said in a statement. "Journal of the American Medical Association," an article published in March, said a liver enzyme metabolism slow if a large number of people drinking coffee easily lead to heart disease.

According to the U.S. "Life Science" magazine, a new study shows that coffee not only make people more energetic, it can alleviate the ache which certain movements bring, but also whether a person has the habit of drinking coffee has nothing to do with. First voluntarily vehicle race contestant, Illinois University motor function study and social healthy Professor罗伯特•摩特尔称said the caffeine in the brain and spinal cord pain processing system works. The findings showed that the human occasionally drinks the coffee and drinks the coffee frequently after exercises, their pain reduced.

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